語法專項之四： 非謂語動詞
一．非謂語動詞的語法功能：
主語 賓語 表語 定語 狀語 補語
不定式 是 是 是 是 是 是
動名詞 是 是 是 是 否 否
分詞 否 否 是 是 是 是
二．非謂語動詞的時態和語態：
不定式 動名詞 現在分詞 意義 過去
分詞
一般式 to do doing doing 所表動作與謂語同時發生或之后發生 僅有一種形式表示完成或被動
一般被動式 to be p.p being p.p being p.p
完成式 to have p.p. having p.p having p.p 所表動作在謂語之前發生
完成被動式 to have been p.p. having been p.p having been p.p
進行式 to be doing 無 無 與謂語同時發生
完成進行式 to have been doing 無 無 截止到謂語發生時一直進行的動作
練習一.說出下列非謂語動詞在句中擔當的成分.
1.To study hard is important.
2.They seemed to be talking about
something important.
3.He pretend to be waiting for someone.
4.She said she was happy to have met you.
5.He doesn’t want her to attend the meeting.
6.Is he a man to depend on?
7.The old man lived long enough to see
his son’s success.
8.Most of the students standing there are
from our class.
9.She felt very tired.
10.He saw the ground covered with snow.
11.Passing by the house,he saw a girl playing the piano.
12.Given another chance,he will succeed.
13.Not having found the wallet,he still had
some money with him.
14.A sleeping student is often one who doesn’t pay attention to what the
teacher says.
15.She bought a writing desk.
練習二：用所給動詞的適當形式填空
1.Mother doesn’t allow him _____(speak)
loud in the room.
2.Students pretended_________(read)
when the teacher came in.
3.He was said ___________(be)rich=It was said that he had been rich.
4.He needs a room to ________(live)
5.I will go to Beijing tomorrow.Do you have anything ____________(buy)
6.I intended _____________(go)abroad
but I was badly short of money then.
7.________(walk)along the road,he found a wallet.
8.___________( dare not)to speak,they sat there just listening.
9._____________(live)there for many years,she knew the place well.
10.____________(have not)met her before,I can’t tell what she is like.
11.The question ___________(=which is being discussed) is very important.
12._____________(=After we had been shown around the museum),we went back home.
13.Ours is a_____________country
and theirs is a _________one. (develop)
14.She heard someone _____(close)the door.(=She heard the door _________)
15.The meeting __________(over),they went home.
16.Other things ________(consider),I prefer the first plan.
17.He was criticized for _________(not come)to class on time.
18.She is proud of __________(be rich).
19.He ws given a medal for___________
(have done)excellent work.
20.She prided herself on ___________
(give)such a good chance.
解讀非謂語動詞：
1.句型:主+感官動詞/使役動詞+賓語
v.原→做了謀事（變被動加上to）
+ doing →正在進行
p.p. →表示賓語被做
感官動詞/使役動詞：此類動詞有：
一感：feel
二聽：listen to/hear
三使：let/make/have
四讓：see/watch/observe/notice
半幫助：help
練習三：用動詞的適當形式填空：
1.I heard her _____(sing)the whole
English song.
2.I saw two men men _____(wear)
dark glasses ______(get out)of the car,
_______(run )across the street and ____
into a bank.
3.Paul doesn’t have to be made___(learn)
He always works hard.
4.The missing boys were last seen____
(play)near the river.
5.I almost foget ______the TV set______
(cover)up.
6.He lay in his bed with the sunlight ____
(fall)onto his face.
7.He lay in bed with the bedroom door __
(shut).
2.It is +adj+of/for+n/pron to do
（for:當adj修飾事時 of:當adj修飾人時）
e.g.1)It is difficult for some of you to give up surfing the Internet.
2)It is cruel of him to kill the cat.
3.be +to do :表示預先的安排或計劃、命令
勸告等。
練習四：分析下面句子所表含義：
1)The foreign friends are to arrive this evening.
2)The plan is to be made in a week.
3)You are not to walk on the grass.
4)You are to be criticized if you do like that.
5)All the exercise-books are to be handed in after class.
4.do nothing but/except +v原
注：若but/except之前沒有實義動詞do,其后接to do.
你理解了嗎？試試看吧！
練習五:1)Delar had nothing to do but___
(drop,to drop)herself onto the sofa and
cry.
2)He desired nothing but ___(go,to go)
home.
5.動名詞與不定式的區別：
1）不定式可表示尚未發生的動作，動名詞則暗示已有的經驗。
2）不定式表示一次性的動作，動名詞則表示習慣性的動作。
練習六1)My grandfather is a millionaire,
but_______(have)miney does not solve
all his problems.
2)She likes ______(eat)apples,but today she would not like_____(eat)one,
because there’s something something wrong with her stomach.
6.僅跟動名詞做賓語的動詞或短語。
enjoy, practice, risk（冒險）
excuse, imagine, can’t help（禁不住）
,consider（考慮）, mind, suggest,
delay（耽擱）, miss, give up,
put off（推遲）,burst out（突然）,
finish,deny（否認）, keep,
dislike（不喜歡）, admit（承認）,
be/get used to, 習慣
come to ,談到
add to, look forward to盼望,
devote to獻身于, stick to堅持,
lead to,get down to 開始
be sentenced to,宣判
object to,反對
be worth doing,feel like想要
7可以跟doing/todo做賓語，但意義有差別：
1)remember/forget/regret
+ to do sth. 未有體驗
+ doing 已有體驗
2)stop to do 停下來去做（目的狀語）
stop doing 停下所做的事
3)learn to do:學會做謀事
learn doing:學習做謀事
4)go on to do:繼續做另一件事
go on doing:繼續做同一件事
5)try to do :=try one’s best盡力做某事
try doing:嘗試做謀事
6)mean to do :想要/打算做謀事
mean doing:意思是，意味著
練習七：
1.I remember_____(keep)the maid ____
(wait)out of the office yesterday.
2.He regrets___________(not see)his
father last week.
3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _________(rest)on a big rock by the side of the path.
4._____________(learn)________(skate)
skillfully,she went on _________(learn)
__________(swim).
5.Go on ________(do)the other exercise after you have finished this one.
6.-I usually go there by train.
---Why not try_________(go)by boat for a change.
7.Don’t forget _______(write)to me .Let’s
keep in touch.
8.I managed to stop father_____(smoke)
when he meant_______(to/todo),saying that smoking meant buying death with money.
8.分詞做狀語，若句子的主語與分詞所表動作有主動關系，則用現在分詞；若句子的主語與分詞所表動作之間有被動關系，則用過去分詞。
練習八:1)”Can’t you read?”Mary said ___
(angry)_______(point)to the notice.
2)_______(give)more attention,the trees could have grown better.
判斷正誤：
3）Being seriously ill,he was sent to hospital by his classmates.（）
4）Being seriously ill,his classmates sent
him to hospital.
5)Not having seen us for years,we could hardly recognize her.
6)Having been in Zao Zhuang for many times,he gets so familiar with the city that he can name all the streets in it.
9.獨立主格結構：分詞（短語）作狀語，當分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，必須在分詞（短語）之前保留其邏輯主語（主格），
此種分詞意義上的主語與句子主語并無語法聯系.通常表示時間、理由、條件、伴隨狀態等。
練習九：分析下列獨立主格結構：
1)The shower being over,we continue our journey.
2)The work done,we felt relieved.
3)It being known she was the mother of the hero,everybody present offered her their respects.
4)All the tickets having been sold out,they went away feeling disappointed.
5)All things considered,her paper is better than yours.
6)Nobody having more to say,the meeting would be over.
7)They marched down the street,their flags waving.
8)He went to the front door,his students following him.
10.狀語從句的省略：
條件：1）主句和從句的主語相同或從句的主語為it;
2)從句中含有be動詞。
可（必）生成分：從句的主語和be.
練習十：判斷正誤：
1)Though very tired ,he didn’t take a rest.
2)Though raining hard,I went shopping.
3)When travelling in Japan ,he met my aunt.
4)I don’t mind having to kill time while waiting for you here.
11.動名詞的邏輯主語：
1）動名詞的邏輯主語通常用adj性的 物主代詞或名詞所有格。
2）動名詞作賓語時，其邏輯主語既可以用
adj性的 物主代詞或名詞所有格，也可用賓格形式。
3）動名詞意義上的主語為無生命的名詞或抽象名詞時，則用原型。
練習十一：寫出下列動名詞的邏輯主語。
1）_________(John) coming back
tomorrow excited all of us .
2)_____(he)coming back is a great help.
3)I am sure of __________(my brother)
passing the exam.
4)There is little chance of _____(he)being elected Mayor of the city.
5)I am very glad of the ______(examination)being over.
6)I am sure of _________(the news)
12.定語從句該為分詞短語坐定語的方法：
1）去掉作主語的關系代名詞（who/which..）
2）變成：被修飾詞 + v-ing表進行、主動
+p.p. 表完成、被動
練習十二：把下列句子改成分詞短語作定語的形式：
1).I couldn’t understand the language which was spoken in that country.
2) Among these shoes are none which
belonged to us.
3)The students who have seen the film are coming out of the cinema.
4)The student who has been late for class for dozens of times is left standing at the gate for a whole mornig.
責任編輯：李芳芳
