一般來(lái)說(shuō)，倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝，有的倒裝是因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)法需要而出現(xiàn)的，有的倒裝則是因?yàn)榻Y(jié)構(gòu)平衡的需要而出現(xiàn)的。
一、完全倒裝（主謂倒裝）是指把謂語(yǔ)全部提到主語(yǔ)的前面。 例：In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.
1.以here, there，now, then引導(dǎo)的句子，要完全倒裝。這種句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是不及物動(dòng)詞。
如：Here comes the train! / There goes the bell!
注意：若代詞作主語(yǔ)，只把該副詞提前主謂語(yǔ)序不變。Here he comes . / Here it is .
2句首是擬聲詞或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副詞，句子要完全倒裝。（注意，這時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)也必須是名詞。如果是人稱(chēng)代詞，也不能使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。） 如：Up went the rocket. /Up it went.
3. 介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)在句首，句子要完全倒裝。注意，這時(shí)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是不及物動(dòng)詞。
如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
4.表語(yǔ)置于句首，且主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)或結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜的句子要用全部倒裝。如：Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.
5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所說(shuō)的情況也適合于后者，其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“so/ neither/ nor+助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”，這里的主語(yǔ)同前一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)指的是同一人或物。如：She has finished her homework, so has her brother.
She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.
二、部分倒裝（助動(dòng)詞倒裝）是指把謂語(yǔ)的一部分（助動(dòng)詞）提到主語(yǔ)的前面。 例： Never in my life have I seen such a thing.
1.用于疑問(wèn)句中。如：How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?
2. if 從句中如有 were ( had , should ) , if 省去后，要部分倒裝,把were，had，should提到主語(yǔ)前面。如：
If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.
---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
3.as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，要部分倒裝（表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)倒裝）。有以下幾種形式：
1） 副詞置于句首。如：Much as I like it (=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.
2） 動(dòng)詞置于句首。如：Wait as you may (= Although you may wait), he will not see you.
3） 形容詞或名詞置于句首。如：Proud as the nobles are (=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.
注意：如果名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí)，as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中要保留不定冠詞。如：
A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.
4.句首為否定詞或否定意義的詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。 ( not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly ( scarcely ) , no sooner, not once, at no time,... )
Little do we know about him.
No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.
Seldom does he come back on Sundays.
Not until he came back did I know about it.
5.only 在句首引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)，或not until 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)在句首，主句要部分倒裝。如：
Only then did I realize the important of English. / Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions.
但若only修飾的是句子的其它成分，則無(wú)需倒裝。如：Only socialism can save China. (only修飾句子的主語(yǔ)，仍用正常語(yǔ)序)
6.not only ... but also ... 引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列句，前倒后不倒。如：
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons.
7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或頻度副詞(短語(yǔ))開(kāi)頭的句子中,要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
Many a time has John given me good advice. / Often have we made that test.
8. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!
9. so或so引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)放在句首,要部分倒裝。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
so…that結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝。有時(shí)要強(qiáng)調(diào)so 所修飾的形容詞或副詞，常將so連同它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提到句首。這時(shí)，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.
He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.
--So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.(全部倒裝)
10.狀語(yǔ)位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或使句子平衡，或使上下文緊密銜接，句子要部分倒裝。
倒裝句的用法
1 . 在以 here , there , in , out , up , down , away , back , now , then 等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子里，如果主語(yǔ)是名詞，常用全部倒裝。
Out rushed the boys . /Then followed three days of heavy rain .
若代詞作主語(yǔ)，只把該副詞提前主謂語(yǔ)序不變。Here he comes . / Here it is .
2 . 當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)是表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組時(shí)，也常常引起全部倒裝。 South of the city lies a big steel factory .
3 . 以帶有否定意義而且修飾全句的詞開(kāi)頭的句子，要用“部分倒裝”語(yǔ)序 ( 倒裝的方法跟變一般疑問(wèn)句的方法相似 ) 。這類(lèi)常見(jiàn)詞有 never , hardly , seldom , not , not only , not until ( 引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，主句“部分倒裝” ) ，little , rarely , no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when。 例:Never shall I do this again .
其中 no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when 表示“一……就……”的意思。no sooner , hardly , scarcely 引出的主句要用“部分倒裝”形式的過(guò)去完成時(shí)，than , when 引出的從句用過(guò)去時(shí)。
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain .
如果帶有否定意義的詞不是修飾全句，只是修飾主語(yǔ)，那么句子的主謂不必倒裝。
Scarcely a sound came from among the crowd .
4 . so 修飾形容詞或副詞，only 修飾副詞或狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)“部分倒裝”。
So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment . /Only in this way can you master English .
如果 only 修飾主語(yǔ)，句子則不倒裝。 例如:Only Wang Lin knows this .
5. neither , nor 或 no more 放在句首，作“也不”講時(shí)，所引導(dǎo)的句子部分倒裝。He can’ t answer the question . Neither can I .
6.為了保持句子平衡或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，或使上下文緊密銜接時(shí)，需倒裝。
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil .
7.由 as , though ( although ) 引導(dǎo)的表示“雖然”，“盡管”的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把從句中的表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等放在 as 的前面。
1.______can you expect to get a pay rise.（2001北京春季卷）
A. With hard work B．Although work hard C．Only with hard work D．Now that he works hard
2.I failed in the final examination last term and only then the importance of studies.（2004重慶卷）
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
3.----I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible. ----______. (2004全國(guó)卷)
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. same with me D. So do I
4. ____snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.（2004上海卷）
A.Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D.Not only they did bring
5____about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.(2005江蘇卷)
A.So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
6. -David has made great progress recently. -_____,and _____. (2005上海卷)
A.So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have
7.Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else____such a beautiful palace.（2004年遼寧卷）
A．can you find B．you could find C．you can find D．could you find
8.______, Carolina couldn't get the door open. (05廣東卷)
A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try
9.Never before _______ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. （2005上海卷）
A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was
10._____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. （05重慶卷）
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
11.In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns.（2005遼寧卷）
A．stand many lakes B．lie many lakes C．many lakes lie D．many lakes stand
(key:CDBBB BAAAB B)
1.only所修飾的狀語(yǔ)(副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句)位于句首時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要部分倒裝。（1、2題）
2.含有否定意義的副詞(not until, never, hardly, seldom, little, not,neither, nor, scarcely等)位于句首時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要部分倒裝。（7、9）
3. Not only放在句首,從句不倒裝,主句倒裝。（4題）
4.so位于句首,表示前面的內(nèi)容也適用于另一人或物時(shí);neither,nor位于句首表示另一人或物也不這樣時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用部分倒裝。(3,6)
5. so... that...結(jié)構(gòu)中表示程度的副詞so位于句首時(shí)要用部分倒裝。（5題）
6.為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),或使上下文緊密銜接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要全部倒裝。（11題）
7.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句中表語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)要倒裝,注意:如果從句的表語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),且該名詞前又沒(méi)有形容詞修飾時(shí),其名詞前不加冠詞.（8、10題）