作者：邱世才
動詞是英語中最重要的詞類之一。"動詞填空"是中考題中的一種傳統題型,考查側重于動詞同義詞的區分和短語動詞的區別;非謂語動詞的考查;時態或語態的考查。下面就做單句時態或語態的動詞填空的解法作一點撥。
做單句時態和語態的動詞填空,應把握以下幾點:
A)根據時間狀語確定時態。句中的時間狀語是確定時態的重要標志。
B)根據上下文已有的時態信息點確定時態。
C)利用上下文語意確定時態。有些句子既沒有時間狀語,又沒有時態信息點可參照,這時需要根據語意確定時態。
D)根據動詞時態中的"特殊"的原則。如賓語從句表示的是一個客觀事實或客觀真理時,其時態不受主句限制而用一般現在時表示。
【題型展示1 】
1. -What did the teacher say just now?
-He said that light ______ faster than sound.
A. traveled B. traveling C. to travel D. travels (Key: D)
2. His uncle ______ in three days.
A. returns B. has returned C. returned D. will return (Key: D)
3. -What ______ you ______ tomorrow?
-I have no idea.
A. is; going B. is; going to do C. are; going D. are; going to do (Key: D)
所給動詞在句子中不作謂語時,就要考慮用動詞的非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞、現在/過去分詞)形式。這是平時最容易出現錯誤的地方。應記住:在be busy, be worth, can't help, enjoy, finish, feel like, mind, stop... from, be used for等詞或短語后要用V-ing形式。在感官動詞see, watch, notice, look at, hear,feel, listen to,使役動詞make, let, have等后作賓語補足語時,不帶to。在had better, would rather等結構后,及助動詞shall, will, would及其它情態動詞之后,不帶to。在would like, hope, wish, decide后接不定式作賓語要帶to。
【題型展示2】
1. They are busy ______ ready for the exams.
A. get B. getting C. to get D. got(Key: B)
2. They often ask us ______ football with them.
A. to play B. playing C. played D. play (Key: A)
3. -Mike! What are you doing there?
-Listen, Mum. I hear somebody ______ upstairs.
A. going B. goes C. go D. to go (Key: A)