被動語態中的“省、補、變、加、留”

發布時間:2017-11-19 編輯:互聯網 手機版

作者:沈建林

被動語態中的"省、補、變、加、留"指學習被動語態時應注意的"省主語、補主語、變代詞、加上to、保留by"這些關鍵內容。

"省主語",指主動語態變被動語態時,如果主動句中的主語為泛指情況的we, they, people時,被動句中將by短語省略。如:

We speak English. →English is spoken.

"補主語",指將字面未出現行為者的被動句改為主動句時,應適當地補上主語,如we, they, people, someone等。如:

A car is stolen. →Someone steals a car.

"變代詞",指主動句中的賓語是賓格人稱代詞時,改為被動句要將其變為主格人稱代詞。如:

We must send her to the hospital at once. →She must be sent to the hospital at once.

"加上to",如果主動句中含不帶to的不定式(作賓語的補足語),變該句為被動句時,不定式前的"to"應恢復使用。如:

We saw him leave the classroom. →He was seen to leave the classroom.

"保留by",指下列被動句中by短語不省略的情況:

a. 當by短語不表示行為者,而表示使用的手段和方法時。如:

Most of the work will be done by the computers.

b. 強調by短語中的動作行為者時。如:

Macao was forced by Portuguese more than four hundred years ago.

特別提示:一般將來時的被動語態:shall / will be +p. p.

現在完成時的被動語態:have / has been + p. p.

現在進行時的被動語態:am / is / are + being + p. p.

過去將來時的被動語態:should / would be + p. p.

另外需特別注意的是英語中look, smell, feel, taste, sound等系動詞和表示"起止"意義的動詞begin, start, finish, stop等,主動形式可表被動意義。

考題回放:

1. -Did you go to Jack's birthday party?

-No, I______. (2004天津市)

A. am not invited B. wasn't invited

C. haven't invited D. didn't invite

2. I like this silk dress, and it ______ so soft and comfortable. (2004江西省)

A. is feeling B. feels C. has felt D. is felt

3. People use computers widely in the world. (改為同義句)

Computers ______ widely ______ in the world. (2002遼寧省)

4. 第四十七屆世乒賽上個月在巴黎舉行。中國乒乓球運動員贏得理所當然。

The 47th World Table Tennis Championship ______ ______ in Paris last month. The Chinese ping-pong players ______ ______ ______. (2003濟南市)

5. We heard them sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday. (改為被動語態)

They were heard______Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday. (2004重慶市)

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