作者：楊瑤
定語(yǔ)從句一直是高考測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。本文結(jié)合高考試題對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的易考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié),希望對(duì)同學(xué)們備考有所幫助。
一、 考查關(guān)系詞的基本用法
關(guān)系詞是用在定語(yǔ)從句中來(lái)代替先行詞的,選擇關(guān)系詞的關(guān)鍵是看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作何成分。作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí),用關(guān)系代詞,指人用who (賓格用whom)或that,指物用which或that;如果作狀語(yǔ),則選用關(guān)系副詞,分別用when, where, why代替時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語(yǔ);如果先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),則不管指人還是指物,都可用whose。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
答案: C
[解析]關(guān)系副詞where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
二、考查as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用來(lái)代替整個(gè)主句或主句中的一部分內(nèi)容的用法
二者的區(qū)別是:
1. as引導(dǎo)的從句可放在主句之前、之后或中間,而which引導(dǎo)的從句則不能放在主句之前。
2. 當(dāng)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be announced / expected / known / reported / said / imagined / shown等被動(dòng)形式或usually happen, be often the case等表示主句的習(xí)慣性或司空見(jiàn)慣之意時(shí),常用as。
3. 當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式或謂語(yǔ)帶的是一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),一般用which而不用as。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ________, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
答案: D
[解析]關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指代前面整個(gè)句子。
三、 考查"介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞"引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法
當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),往往可以把介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前,構(gòu)成"介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞(whom / which)"結(jié)構(gòu)。但一些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(如look after等)中的介詞不能與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi),故不能放在關(guān)系代詞之前。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequenthy.
答案:D
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
[解析]關(guān)系代詞whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞with的賓語(yǔ),talk with sb.意為"與某人談話"。
四、 考查分隔式定語(yǔ)從句的用法
定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞的后面,但有些時(shí)候也會(huì)被同位語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、其它定語(yǔ)等成分分隔。此時(shí)能夠理清句子結(jié)構(gòu),慧眼識(shí)別先行詞就顯得特別重要。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
答案:C
[解析]先行詞為the hours,關(guān)系副詞when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
五、考查定語(yǔ)從句與其它句子的區(qū)別
定語(yǔ)從句易與狀語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、并列句以及強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)等混淆,在做題時(shí)要細(xì)心識(shí)別。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
① The famous scientist grew up________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
答案: C
[解析] 本題中的where是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。若引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,其前應(yīng)加上先行詞at the place。
②A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when B. where C. what D. that
答案:D
[解析]本題中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在句子中不作任何成分,而在定語(yǔ)從句中則要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
③ The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
答案: B
[解析] it... before是常用句型。
④ It was for this reason ________ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
A. which B. why C. that D. how
答案:C
[解析] 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)與其它從句的區(qū)別是去掉"It is / was... that..."后句子依然成立。本題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。