分類說明
非謂語動詞包括三種形式:動詞不定式、動詞的-ing形式及動詞的過去分詞。所謂非渭語動詞,它雖不具有動詞的性質,即在句子中充當謂語,但仍然具有動詞的特征,即可帶有本身賓語或狀語構成非謂語動詞短語,在句子中作除謂語以外的任何成分。
在非謂語動詞的復習中須注意:
1,非謂語動詞的否定式
不定式的否定式是在不定式to前加not,如:not to go there;動詞-ing形式及過去分詞的否定式是在動詞-ing形式及過去分詞之前加not,如:not knowing about it,not having got it。not informed。
2.非謂語動詞的邏輯主語
動詞不定式、動詞的-ing形式作主語時,可以沒有自己的主語,也可帶有自己的主語。動詞不定式的主語一般用介詞for/of接代詞的賓格或名詞,成為It’s +adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.形式;動詞的-ing形式的主語一般用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞的所有格。
動詞不定式、動詞的-ing形式作賓語時,它們的邏輯主語一般就是句子的主語。但
動詞的-ing形式可以有自己的邏輯主語,其形式一般為代詞的賓格、名詞的普通格名詞的所有格。
動詞不定式、動詞的.ing形式及動詞的過去分詞作狀語時,它們的邏輯主語一般就是句子的主語。當非謂語動詞的動作是句子主語發出的時,用主動形式;當非謂語動詞的動作是句子主語所承受的時,用過去分詞、不定式或動詞的-ing形式的被動形式;當動詞不定式、動詞的.ing形式或過去分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時,前面可用代詞的主格或名詞的普通格作邏輯主語,從而形成獨立主格結構。
動詞不定式、動詞的.ing形式及動詞的過去分詞作狀語時,有的已經從非謂語動詞中游離出來而成為固定的短語,從而沒有自己的邏輯主語,如:judging by/from,provided/providing,given,to be true,tell you the truth,let alone…
3.非謂語動詞的時態
動詞不定式一般表示發生在謂語動作之后的事情,若要表示發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前的事情,須用不定式的完成式;動詞的-ing形式一般表與謂語動詞動作同時進行的動作,若要表示發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前的事情,須用動詞的-ing形式的完成式。
4.非謂語動詞的應用
(1)作主語:動詞不定式作主語表示特定的、一次性的事情;動詞的-ing形式作主語表示經常性的、習慣性或職業性的事情。
(2)作賓語:熟悉并掌握哪些動詞接不定式作賓語;哪些動詞或短語接動詞的-ing形式作賓語;哪些動詞或短語既可接動詞不定式又可接動詞的-ing形式作賓語。need,want,require接動詞的.ing形式作賓語,表被動意義,相當于接不定式的被動形式。
(3)作表語:動詞不定式表示某一特定的行為,尤其是將來的行為或有待于實現的行為;動詞的-ing形式并不強調動作,而只說明動作的名稱。
(4)作賓語補足語:熟悉并掌握哪些動詞或短語接不定式作賓語補足語;哪些動詞或短語接動詞的-ing形式作賓語補足語;哪些動詞或短語既可接動詞的-ing形式又可接不定式作賓語補足語;何時用主動形式作賓語補足語,何時用被動形式或過去分詞作賓語補足語。
(5)作定語:A.注意非謂語動詞的形式:不定式作定語一般用主動式,只有當不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語或賓語時,才用被動式;動詞的一ing形式、過去分詞作定語時,如果動作是所修飾的詞發出的,就用動詞的.ing形式;如果動作是所修飾的詞承受的,就用過去分詞。B.非謂語動詞的位置:不定式、動詞的.ing形式及過去分詞短語作定語時,都要放在所修飾的詞之后;單個的動詞的.ing形式或過去分詞作定語時,一般放在所修飾的詞之前。
特別需注意:N.+doing +n./N.+done +n.的區別:動作由名詞發出或是名詞的目的或內容時用-ing形式,如:an English speaking country,Tree Planting Day;動作是名詞承受的時用過去分詞,如:a horse driven car,mall.made satellites。
不及物動詞的不定式作定語,與所修飾的名詞構成動賓關系時,不及物動詞后面的介詞不能丟。
(6)作狀語:A.注意句子的主語跟非謂語動詞動作的關系;B.非謂語動詞起相同作用時的區別,如:不定式、動詞的-ing形式都能表示結果,但不定式一般表示出乎意料的結果,不定式前面常用only,never等詞修飾;而動詞的.ing形式表示一種事情發展的自然或必然的結果。不定式、動詞的-ing形式都能表示目的,但不定式作目的狀語時,一般位于句首,若位于句末時不能用逗號將它與句子分開;動詞的-ing形式表示目的時.一般位于句尾,并且常用逗號將它與句子分開。
5.不定式to的省略
(1)動詞see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,look at.1isten to.1et,have,make接不定式作賓補時,不定式的to應省略,但句子變為被動語態時,不定式的to不能省略。
(2)and,but等連接兩個不定式時,若and,but等前面有do的某種形式時,后面不、定式的to應省略。
(3)不定式作表語時,若主語中有do的某種形式,表謂不定式的to應省略。
回放真題
真題1(2004甘肅、青海卷25)
It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when ________at the meeting by my boss.
A.questioning B.having questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned
【答案及解析】 C根據非謂語動詞的動作與句子主語的關系,可排除選項A、B;根據句子謂語動詞與非謂語動詞所表示的動作先后關系,答案選c,表被動及完成。
真題2(2004甘肅、青海卷27)
Alice returned from the manager’s office,________me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A.having told B.tells C.to tell D.telling
【答案及解析】D根據句子結構排除選項B;根據句子謂語動詞所表示的動作與非謂語動詞所表示的動作的時間順序,答案選D。
真題3(2004重慶卷30)
Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _______.
A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry
【答案及解析】A get接賓語補足語表賓語的動作、狀態、身份等。賓語與補足語是被動的主謂關系,而過去分詞正好表被動意義。get sb worried意思是:讓某人擔憂。
真題4(2004廣東卷26)
________the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B.Not completed
C.Not having completed D.Having not completed
【答案及解析】 C根據非謂語動詞的否定形式的構成,排除選項D;根據非謂語動詞與句子主語的關系,排除B;根據句子的意思,沒有完成計劃的動作應發生在have to stay動作之前,故答案選C。
真題5(2004福建卷27)
The news reporters hurried to the airport,only ________the film stars had left.
A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told
【答案及解析】 B 根據句子的意思,記者們趕到機場時發現意外的結果.因此,排除C、D;根據與句子的關系,不是記者告訴他人,而是人家告訴記者,故答案選B。
真題6(2004福建卷34)
Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time ________the exam.
A.pass B.to pass C.passed D.passing
【答案及解析】D have a hard time(in)doing sth.意思是:在……方面有困難。
真題7(2004湖北卷28)
________with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at a11.
A. Compare B.When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared
【答案及解析】D根據句子結構,排除選項A;根據動詞與主句主語的關系,排除選項B、C;故答案選D。
真題8(2004遼寧卷25)
I don t know whether you happen ________,but I’m going to study in the U.S.A.this September.
A. to be heard B.to be heating C.to hear D.to have heard
【答案及解析】D根據后半句的內容,“我”將去美國學習,可知前半句是問對方是否已聽說過“我”的事情了。故答案選D,表示在此之前。
真題9(2004遼寧卷30)
________by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted
【答案及解析】 B根據動詞與句子的主語的關系,女孩被吸引,從而排除選項A、D;再根據時間關系,C表示將來的情況,而句子是過去的事實,答案選B。
真題10(2004浙江卷29)
Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,________as 3M.
A. knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known
【答案及解析】 B分詞形式作定語,grow為及物動詞,不帶賓語,故選B。
真題11(2004浙江卷32)
I’ve never seen anyone run so fast ________David go.
A.just watch B.just to watch
C.just watching D.just having watched
【答案及解析】A根據破折號及just的用法,故采用祈使句形式,答案選A。
真題12(2004江蘇卷25)
The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him l lived nearby.
A.find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding
【答案及解析】 C insist on doing sth是個固定短語,意為堅持做某事。
真題13(2004廣西卷22)
Helen had to shout above the sound of the music.
A.making herself hear B.to make herself hear
C.making herself heard D.to make herself heard
【答案及解析】D短語作狀語表結果、伴隨、原因等,但若表目的,應用動詞不定式。本題意為:為了能讓自己被人聽見,Helen只好大喊。Make oneself done意為:讓自己被……,故D為正確答案。
真題14(2004廣西卷31)
Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures ________in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed
【答案及解析】C forming在句中作定語。Forming in your mind=which forms in your mind.
真題15(2004江蘇卷31)
The old man,________abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland.
A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked
【答案及解析】 D現在分詞完成式表主動和完成(到謂語動作發生時,非謂語的動作已完成)。
真題16(2004全國[河南、河北、山東、福建]28)
Sarah.hurry up.I’m afraid you can’t have time to ________before the party.
A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change
【答案及解析】A不定式短語作目的狀語,而根據句子的意思,從句的主語you不是給人家更衣,而是給自己更衣,它是不定式動作的承受者,故答案選A,表示被動語態。意思是:沒有時間來更衣了。
真題17(2004四川卷28)
“We can’t go out in this weather,”said Bob,________out of the window.
A.1ooking B.to look C.looked D.having looked
【答案及解析】A現在分詞一般式表伴隨,表Bob說話的同時往窗口外望;B表示未發生的動作;C表示完成;D表示動作發生在said之前,都不符題意,故答案選A。
真題18(2004上海卷27)
According to a recent U.S.survey,children spent up to 25 hours a week ________TV.
A.to watch B.to watching C.watching D.watch
【答案及解析】C spend的用法:spend some time/some money in doing sth。
真題19(2004上海卷33)
The flu is believed ________by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A.causing B.being caused C.to be caused D.be have caused
【答案及解析】c不定式作補足語時,如果不定式的動作是前面名詞或代詞發出,用主動形式;若前面名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時,不定式用被動語態。因此答案選C。
真題20(2004上海卷34)
The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt
【答案及解析】 B現在分詞作定語,說明被修飾詞目前的性質,狀態、動作等。
真題21(2004上海卷35)
The disc,digitally _____in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded
【答案及解析】A動詞的-ing表示主動,意思是前面名詞所發出的動作,說明當前的性質、狀態或動作;過去分詞表被動或完成;不定式表將來;動詞的-ing的完成時指動作發生在句子動作之前,也表主動。根據本題意思,正確答案為A,表示被錄制的唱片。
真題22(2004上海卷42)
Having been attacked by terrorists,________.
A.doctors came to their rescue B.the tall building collapsed
C.an emergency measure was taken D.warnings were given to tourists
【答案及解析】 B分詞作狀語時,它的邏輯主語應與句子的主語一致。由前面分詞的語態可知,句子的主語應該是the tall building,因此答案選B。
真題23(2004上海卷49)
Some people like dinking coffee,for it has ________effects.
A.promoting B.stimulating C.enhancing D.encouraging
【答案及解析】 B promoting:提升的,enhancing:加強的,encouraging:鼓勵的,與題意不符。只有B表有刺激性的,能說明咖啡有刺激作用。故答案為B。
真題24(2004天津卷34)
Don’t leave the water ________while you brush your teeth.
A.run B.running C.being run D.to run
【答案及解析】 B非謂語動詞作賓語補足語時,選項A、D表示將來可能的動作;B、C表示一直不停的動作,而B表示賓語發出的動作,c表示賓語承受的動作。根據句子意思,答案選B,指水不停地流出。
真題25(2004北京卷23)
My advisor encouraged--a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A.for me to take B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take
【答案及解析】D考查動詞encourage sb.to do sth.的結構。意思是:我的顧問鼓勵我去參加暑季課程以提高我的寫作技巧。
真題26(2004北京卷29)
________in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited
【答案及解析】 C考查分詞短語作狀語。當Tom意識到錢包忘在家里時,已經排隊等了半小時。因此,答案選C,表示分詞的動作發生在句子謂語動詞的動作之前。
真題27(2004湖南卷33)
You were silly not ________your car.
A.to lock B.to have locked C.1ocking D.having locked
【答案及解析】 B考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知:這是對已發事故的責備,沒有鎖車的行為發生在責備之前,應該用完成式,排除A、C;再根據非謂語動詞的含義,不定式表示某具體的事情,而動詞的-ing形式表示經常性或習慣性的行為,從而可推知答案選B。
真題28(2004北京春季卷32)
He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting
【答案及解析】D catch sb doing sth意為發覺某人正在做某事,doing sth在此用作賓補。選項A表示前面名詞所承受的動作,不妥;選項B表示將來某個時候正在做的事情;選項c表示事情還沒有做,都不合情理。
真題29(2004上海春季卷35)
I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon.Do you have anything ________?
A.to be buying B.to buy C.for buying D.bought
【答案及解析】B 動詞不定式作定語,當它的邏輯主語為句子的主語時,用主動形式。
真題30(2004上海春季卷39)
The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________as the plane was making a landing.
A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating
【答案及解析】C remain可作連系動詞,相當于be。再看seat的用法:seat oneself in/on/at…可轉化為:sb be seated in/on/at…。
真題31(2004上海春季卷40)
Victor apologized for ________to inform me of the change in the plan-
A.his being not able B.him not to be able
C.his not being able D.him to be not able
【答案及解析】C首先,apologize的句法結構為apologize for one’s/sb doing sth,于是排除B、D,再看非謂語動詞的否定式:否定詞必須在非謂語動詞的前面。故答案選C。
真題32(2004上海春季卷42)
After his journey form abroad,Richard Johns returned home,________.
A.exhausting B.exhausted C.being exhausted D.having exhausted
【答案及解析】 B exhausting與exhausted意義區別。exhausted意思是:感到精疲力竭的,說明主語的狀態;exhausting意為:令人精疲力竭的,說明主語的性質或特征。根據語境Richard是人,只能用選項B來表示他所處的狀態。而A、C、D在此都不合題意。
真題33(2003全國卷22)
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen.
A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked
【答案及解析】 B考查非謂語動詞在句中作及物動詞被動語態的主語補足語的用法。find接補足語時的句型為find sb/sth doing/to be…/to have done.../done.不能接其它不定式作補足語。根據句意,只有廚師在廚房里正吸煙時被發現才能被解雇。因此,只能用現在分詞表進行,不能用動詞不定式(不定式常表示“具體的”已發生的或未發生的行為)。譯文:如果(有人)發現廚師在廚房里吸煙,他就會馬上被解雇。
真題34(2003北京卷21)
The teacher asked us ________so much noise.
A.don’t make B.not make C.not making D.not to make
【答案及解析】D考查不定式用法。在動詞ask后面用不定式作復合賓語.其否定形式是not to do。常見的這類動詞還有:tell,warn, order, advise等。
真題35(2003北京卷28)
________time,he’11 make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given
【答案及解析】D考查非謂語動詞。句意:要是給他時問,他會成為一流的網球運動員。不定式作狀語表示目的,排除B。分詞作狀語要看與主語的關系。句子主語he是give的邏輯賓語,用過去分詞。注意當從句主語和主句的主語保持一致時,從句可省略(If he is),排除A和c項。
真題36(2003上海卷37)
The discovery of new evidence led to ________.
A.the thief having caught B.catch the thief
C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught
【答案及解析】C lead to這個詞組中to是介詞,后面跟名詞,于是B、D被排除;the thief是動名詞邏輯上的主語,構成動名詞的復合結構,與catch之間應是被動關系,故排除A。
真題37(2003上海卷43)
An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ________ clear warnings before firing any shots.
A. to issue B.being issued C.to have issued D.to be issued
【答案及解析】 A order后應按不定式,即order sb to do sth,因此B被排除。又因為issue clear warnings(發出明顯警告)的主語是all the soldiers,也就是說all the soldiers是issue的施動者,所以issue要用主動形式,D也被排除。句子沒有強調動作對現在造成的影響,不必用完成時態,而且句子中的had been ordered所接的動作,指命令后要做而還未做的事,故只用一般不定式。答案為A。
真題38(2003北京春季卷35)
Mr. Smith,________of the ________speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired;boring B.tiring;bored C. tired;bored D.tiring;boring
【答案及解析】 A tired of“感到厭倦”,過去分詞作狀語,常用來形容人;boring“令人厭煩的”,形容詞,常用來形容物。所以其中狀語可分解為:Mr. Smith was tired of the speech.The speech was boring.譯文:聽煩了乏味的演講,Mr. Smith’讀起了小說。
真題39(2003安徽春季卷22)
--Why did you go back to the shop?
--I left my friend ________there.
A. waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits
【答案及解析】A leave sb doing使某人處于某種狀態,這一動作持續一段時間。D排除,因此處應用非謂語動詞;B、C無持續狀態的意思。答案為A。
真題40(2003安徽春季卷28)
The manager ________his factory’s products were poor in quality,decided to give his workers further training.
A.knowing B.known C.to know D.being known
【答案及解析】A變為定語從句應為“ne manager.who knew his factory’s products were poor in quality…”know為主動,排除B、D。定語從句變為短語應用分詞短語來表示。答案為A。
真題41(2003安徽春季卷32)
The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to see
【答案及解析】 D 原句應為…as if he stopped and looked to see whether由于從句與主句有相同的主語和謂語,故將從句的主語、謂語同時省略,而只留下目的狀語。
真題42(2003上海春季卷35)
Friendship is like money:easier made than ________.
A.kept B.to be kept C.keeping D.being kept
【答案及解析】A西方諺語中,常用單詞的相同形式進行表達,m。d。和kept都是過去分詞,表示被動。答案為A。
真題43(2003上海春季卷36)
________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A.The president will attend B.The president to attend
C.The president attended D.The president’s attending
【答案及解析】D從句子結構來看,句子中已經有謂語,故選項A排除;選項B為即將親自參加會議的總統給他們鼓舞,講不通,因為給出鼓舞的應該是事或精神,而不應該是人;選項C中的attended若作謂語,則與句子結構矛盾,若作過去分詞,又與前面的“總統”的關系矛盾;因此,只有D正確,句子的意思是:“總統親自出席這次會議”這件事給了他們莫大的鼓舞。
真題44(2003上海春季卷37)
Unless ________to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.
A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited
【答案及解析】A在時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句中,當從句的主語與主句的主語一致時,從句的主語可以省略,而將從句中的謂語動詞變為分詞形式。當從句的謂語動詞的動作為主句的主語所發出時,用現在分詞形式;當從句的謂語動詞的動作為主句的主語所承受時,用過去分詞形式。
真題45(2003上海春季卷38)
She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ in making the earth a better place to live.
A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing
【答案及解析】 B根據句子中所暗含的時間,是指要起的作用,故排除選項A和D;而不定式作定語時,若不定式的動作為句子的主語或賓語所發出時,用主動語態而不用被動語態,故答案選B。
真題46(2002全國卷32)
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains ________whether they will enjoy it.
A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen
【答案及解析】 B這是一個主語從句。it作形式主語,whether they will enjoy it作真正的主語。remain后接to do sth.作表語。see與主語從句是動賓關系,所以要用to be seen作remains的表語。
真題47(2002全國卷34)
The research is so designed that once ________nothing can be done to change it.
A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun
【答案及解析】D once begun在句子中作狀語。begin可以作及物動詞,意思是“著手”。譯文:這項研究設計得那么好,一旦著手研究,就沒有什么地方要更改的了。
真題48(2002北京卷34)
----How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
----The key________ the problem is to meet the demand _______by the customers.
A.to solving;making B.to solving;made
C.to solve;making D.to solve;made
【答案及解析l B to放在key的后面作介詞,后接動名詞;過去分詞短語
made by the customers作demand的定語。make與demand是動賓關系,所以要
用過去分詞。這句話的意思是“解決問題的關鍵是滿足顧客的要求”。
真題49(2002上海卷25)
In order to gain a bigger share in the international market,many state-run companies are striving ________their products more competitive.
A.to make B.making C.to have made D.having made
【答案及解析】 A strive to do sth=try to do sth“非常努力做某事”,動詞不定式作目的狀語,表示努力的目的。譯文:為了在國際市場上取得更大的份額,許多國有公司正努力使自己的產品具有競爭性。答案為A。
真題50(2002上海卷30)
Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ________if a minor was broken.
A.was sure of striking B.was sure of having struck
C.was sure to be struck D.was sure to strike
【答案及解析】 D be sure of“對……確信,有把握”,主語必須是人。be sure to do sth“就要,一定會”,主語可以是人或物。動詞不定式表示將要發生的事,意思是“就要……”。譯文:過去很多人都認為如果鏡子破了,一定會引起災難。注意.be+形容詞后接不定式的一般式,不用被動式。如:The problem is difficult for us to work out.我們很難解決這個問題。
真題51(2002上海卷33)
Though ________money,his parents managed to send him to university.
A.1acked B.1acking of C.1acking D.1acked in
【答案及解析】 C lack是及物動詞,后接賓語money。his parents與lack是主謂關系,要用現在分詞作狀語。譯文:雖然缺錢,他的父母親還是想法讓他上了大學。
真題52(2002上海卷34)
Don’t use words,expressions,or phrases ________only to people with specific knowledge.
A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known
【答案及解析】D know與words,expressions,phrases是動賓關系,要用過去分詞作定語,表示被動。having been known是現在分詞完成時的被動式,不能作定語。譯文:不要使用只有具有專業知識的人才知道的詞語。
真題53(2002上海卷38)
________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed
【答案及解析】C在非謂語動詞中,用動名詞或不定式來作主語,而分詞和介詞短語不能作主語,因此A、D被排除。在這個句子中,will do是謂語,缺少主語,要用動名詞作主語。expose與one’s skin是動賓關系,所以要用動名詞的被動式being exposed。譯文:在陽光下曬太長時間對人的皮膚有壞處。
真題54(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷24)
Prices of daily goods ________through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying
【答案及解析】 B goods是動詞bought的邏輯賓語,所以用過去分詞修飾,表被動。
真題55(2002上海春季卷25)
In some parts of London,missing a bus means ________for another hour.
A.waiting B.to.wait C.wait D.to be waiting
【答案及解析】 A mean doing sth.的意思是“意味著什么”。mean to do sth.的意思是“打算做什么”。譯文:在英國的某些地方,趕不上公共汽車意味著要再等一小時。
真題56(2002上海春季卷29)
When ________,the museum will be open to the public next year.
A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed
【答案及解析】 A complete與museum是動賓關系,要用過去分詞completed作狀語,表示被動。譯文:當這座博物館建成后,將在明年向公眾開放。to be completed作目的狀語,不與when連用。答案為A。
真題57(2002上海春季卷37)
With a lot of difficult problems ________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled
【答案及解析】C 動詞不定式to settle作difficult problems的定語表示現在或將來要解決的難題;過去分詞settled作定語表示已經解決的難題;現在分詞的被動式being settled作定語表示正在解決的難題。所提供的情境the newly.elected president is having a hard time說明新任總統現在和將來都有難以解決的問題,所以要用to settle作定語。
真題58(2001全國卷35)
_______such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered
【答案及解析】A首先確定為主動語態,然后根據already又可判斷用完成時。譯文:由于已經受到如此嚴重的污染,現在清理河道可能太晚了。答案為A。
真題59(2001上海卷29)
D0 let your mother know all the truth.She appears _________everything.
A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told
【答案及解析】 D tell是及物動詞,后面要接賓語。因為在這個句子中,tell后面沒有賓語,所以要用動詞不定式的被動式。義因為知道了一切發生在告訴真相之前,所以要用動詞不定式的完成式。譯文:一定要把一切真相告訴你媽媽。她看上去已知道了一切事情。
真題60(2001上海卷31)
I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island.
A.to have had time B.having time C.to have time D.to having time
【答案及解析】 B appreciate后接動名詞作賓語。譯文:我真的喜歡和你一起在這個迷人的小島上放松一下。
真題61(2001上海卷38)
The bell ________the end of the period rang,________our heated discussion.
A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting
C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated:interrupted
【答案及解析】 A the bell在句子中作indicate和interrupt的邏輯主語,所以要用現在分詞。答案為A。
真題62(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷21)
________late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.
A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept
【答案及解析】A用不定式表示具體的目的,sleep late“睡懶覺”。譯文:為了早上多睡一會兒,鮑勃關閉了鬧鐘。答案為A。
真題63(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷24)
One learns a language by making mistakes and ________them.
A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct
【答案及解析】 B介詞by后接動名詞,用and連接的兩個表示并列成分的非謂語動詞形式要一致。
真題64(2001上海春季卷28)
Sandy could do nothing but ________to his teacher that he was wrong.
A.admit B.admitted C.admitting D.to admit
【答案及解析】 A該句中的but是介詞,后接動詞不定式。當謂語動詞是do,does或did時,后接不帶to白懷定式;是其它動詞時,后接帶to的不定式。該句的謂語是could do nothing,要填動詞原形admit。譯文:山德不得不向老師承認自己錯了。答案為A。
真題65(2001上海春季卷36)
Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________some schools for Door children.
A. set up B.setting up C.have set up D.having set up
【答案及解析】B to devote sth.to后接動名詞作賓語,即:devote sth.doing sth.。有的考生把all he had to當成了一個短語,誤填了set up。實際上.a11 he had作devoted的賓語,是一個賓語從句。譯文:利德先生決定用自己所有的一切為貧困兒童建造幾所學校。
真題66(2001上海春季卷37)
________blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give
【答案及解析】B if you can是條件狀語從句。如果把這個句子轉為簡單句______blood and many lives will be saved.就可以確定這是一個“祈使句+and”的句型。
真題67(2001上海春季卷38)
________from heart trouble for years,Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A.Suffered B.Suffering C.Having suffered D.Being suffered
【答案及解析】C 根據狀語for years可判斷用現在分詞的完成式。譯文:經受了多年心臟病折磨的痛苦,懷特教授無論走到哪里都不得不隨身帶著藥。
真題68(2000全國卷19)
I’ve worked with children before,so I know what ________in my new job.
A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects
【答案及解析】B 在非謂語動詞中,疑問詞后只接不定式。此句中“疑問詞+動詞不定式”作賓語。
真題69(2000全國卷22)
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A.early out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out
【答案及解析】 C that they would like to see是定語從句;carried out作plan的定語表示被動。
真題70(2000上海卷22)
They’re not very good,but we like ________.
A.anyway to play basketball with them B.to play basketball with them anyway
C.to play with them basketball anyway D.with them to play basketball anyway
【答案及解析】B動詞like后接賓語to play basketball;賓語后接with them;anyway為副詞,用作狀語,放在句末。
真題71(2000上海卷31)
He sent me an e-mail,________to get further information.
A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope
【答案及解析】 B現在分詞hoping表示與send me an e.mail同時發生的動作。一些考生認為應該填不定式作目的狀語。不定式作目的狀語時,句子的正確形式是:He sent me an e-mail to get further information.如果要選擇“hoped”時,句子的正確形式是:He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。 “hoped”和“sent”作并列謂語。
真題72(2000上海卷37)
_____in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A.Being founded B.It was funded C.Founded D.Founding
【答案及解析】 c簡單句的主語Harvard與Found是動賓關系,所以要用過去分詞短語(Founded in 1636)作狀語。
真題73(2000上海卷39)
The ________boy was last seen ________near the East Lake.
A.missing;playing B.missing;play
C.missed;played D.missed;to play
【答案及解析】 A missing是形容詞,作boy的定語,意思是“失蹤的”;而missed是miss的過去式,意思是“錯過”,作謂語,排除C、D。was last seen playing表示被看見時正在玩。答案為A。
真題74(2000上海卷40)
Tony was very unhappy for ________to the party.
A.having not been invited B.not having invited
C.having not invited D.not having been invited
【答案及解析】D invite與Tony構成動賓關系,所以要用動名詞的被動結構 (not having been invited)。not要放在非謂語動詞的前面。選項A和C都是錯誤的形式。
真題75(2000京、皖春季卷15)
The picture ________on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A.having hung B.hanging C:hangs D.being hung
【答案及解析】 B選項B表狀態;而選項D表動作;is painted在句子中作謂語,所以要填hang的非謂語形式。因為hang+表方位的介詞短語,hang是不及物動詞,非謂語動詞不能用被動式表示主動,所以要用現在分詞。
真題76(2000京、皖春季卷17) :
________the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A. Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given
【答案及解析】 A過去分詞Given構成的短語在句子中作狀語,表示被動。意思是:“在……情況下,考慮到”。譯文:考慮到他的健康情況一般,他手術后需要一段時間才能恢復。答案為A。