高中英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句課件
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)中賓語(yǔ)從句是用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。所以小編今天為大家準(zhǔn)備的是高中英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句課件，歡迎參閱。
高中英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句課件
賓語(yǔ)從句(object clauses)
1、概述用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的位置與陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)相同。賓語(yǔ)從句可作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可以作介詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞）和某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句可以由從屬連詞that whether、if，關(guān)系代詞what, who, whose, which和關(guān)系副詞when、where、how、why等引導(dǎo)。
He said he wanted to go to town. 他說(shuō)他想去城里。
I hope you'll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起來(lái)。
I’m so glad that you were able to come to this party.你能設(shè)法抽空出席這個(gè)交際會(huì)，我很高興。
I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.除了在報(bào)上讀到的以外,我對(duì)這件事一無(wú)所知。
Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it rains.除了雨天,大多數(shù)中國(guó)人一般都騎自行車(chē)上班。
He asked me whether she was coming. 他問(wèn)我，她來(lái)還是不來(lái)。
2、作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)
（1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只起引導(dǎo)詞作用，在句中不做成分，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中常省去。
I think (that) he'll be right in a few days.我認(rèn)為他幾天后就會(huì)好的。
I wish （that） she would understand me.我希望她理解我。
（2）由關(guān)系代詞what, who, whose, which引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，在句中作成分，即主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞在句中不能省略。
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do．計(jì)算機(jī)只能按人的指令去做。
Do you know whom they are waiting for?你知道他們?cè)诘日l(shuí)嗎？
He asked whose dictionary it was.他問(wèn)這是誰(shuí)的字典。
He can't tell which method they will use for the experiment.他不能斷定他們會(huì)用哪一種方法做實(shí)驗(yàn)。
（3）關(guān)系副詞when，where，how，why等引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系副詞 when，where，how，why 既有疑問(wèn)意義，又起連接作用，而且在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)各種狀語(yǔ)，分別表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。
Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan.請(qǐng)告訴我我們將何時(shí)討論計(jì)劃。
I don't know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我們將在哪里開(kāi)會(huì)。
Will you tell me how I can get to the station？你能告訴我如何能到車(chē)站嗎？
Do you know why he said that?你知道他為什么說(shuō)那件事嗎？
I remember when this used to be a quiet village．我記得這里曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)僻靜的村莊。
（4）由從屬連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.我想知道在農(nóng)村女兒是否和兒子一樣受到重視。
I don't know whether (if) you are willing to help me.我不知道你是否愿意幫我。注意：whether 和if的區(qū)別，請(qǐng)參考概述部分。（5）動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，賓語(yǔ)從句前可以有一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略，有的不能省略。
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已經(jīng)通知我們將什么時(shí)候討論我的建議。(me不可省略)
She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on.她答應(yīng)以后給我們更多的幫助。(us可省略)
3、作介詞賓語(yǔ)
It depends on whether he is coming or not.這要看他是否會(huì)來(lái)。
I was curious as to what we could do next.我想知道下一步我們?cè)撟鍪裁础Ｗ⒁猓簍hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句只在in, but, except, besides等少數(shù)介詞后作賓語(yǔ)，形成固定搭配，in that在于（因?yàn)椋琤ut that要不是(只是)，except that除了……。
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得稅過(guò)高是有害的，因?yàn)樗赡苁谷瞬辉付噘嶅X(qián)。
His paper is perfect except that there were some misprints.除了一些印刷錯(cuò)誤之外，這篇論文很好。
4、作形容詞賓語(yǔ)。
No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years．誰(shuí)也不知道一百萬(wàn)年后人類會(huì)變成什么樣子。
I am not certain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定從前是否見(jiàn)過(guò)他。
I'm sorry (that) you're ill.你病了，我很難過(guò)。注意：that引導(dǎo)的從句在下列形容詞后面作賓語(yǔ)，that可以省略。anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。
I'm sure (that) he'll help you.我確信他會(huì)幫助你。
I'm glad (that)he has passed the exam.我很高興，他考試及格了。
5、it充當(dāng)形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)---賓語(yǔ)從句后置。正如我們常用it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句一樣，我們也常用it用作形式賓語(yǔ)代替賓語(yǔ)從句，把真正的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。特別是帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略。有下列幾種情況：（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等動(dòng)詞接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)）時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。
We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time．我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們按時(shí)完成工作有困難。
She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone．她認(rèn)為他不接電話是不對(duì)的。
（2）在like，enjoy，love,hate,take 等表“喜怒哀樂(lè)”的動(dòng)詞，后若要跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，需跟形式賓語(yǔ) it。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜歡人們滿口飯說(shuō)話。
I like it that everyone passed the exam．都通過(guò)了考試我很喜歡。
（3）由動(dòng)詞和介詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接 that 賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用形式賓語(yǔ)。
We are thinking of it that we'll lend you some money．我正在考慮借給你錢(qián)的事。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的時(shí)候我負(fù)責(zé)把他照顧好。（4）用于“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”的句型中。
Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o’clock.要記住你得十點(diǎn)鐘之前回家。
We took it for granted that he would come.我們認(rèn)為他來(lái)是當(dāng)然的。
6、不可直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞。下列動(dòng)詞不可直接接that從句：ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, celebrate, entreat, dislike（厭惡）, overlook, love, help, take, forgive, bid, hate, hear（聽(tīng)見(jiàn)）, see（看見(jiàn)）, want（想要） 等，但可用it, the fact做媒介，后接that從句；或接動(dòng)名詞、不定式。
He overlooked it that he had made another mistake.(正確) 他忽視了一件事，他又犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
He overlooked the fact that he had made another mistake. (正確)
He overlooked that he had made another mistake.(錯(cuò)誤)
I admire it that they won the match. (正確)
I admire the fact that they won the match. (正確) 我很羨慕，他們贏得了比賽。
I admire that they won the match. (錯(cuò)誤)
7、that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的省略。（1）主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是agree, argue, hold, learn, maintain, observe, contend, conceive, reckon, remark, state, suggest, assume, announce, calculate, indicate等時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that一般不可省略；主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hear, know, say, see, confess consider, declare, understand, propose等時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略，也可以不省略；主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, suppose, believe, presume, dare say等時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。
He suggested that we should set off at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.他建議我們明天早晨8點(diǎn)走。(that不可省略)
I think (that) this is very important.我認(rèn)為這很重要。(that可省略)（2）當(dāng)一個(gè)句子很復(fù)雜，句中有多個(gè)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省略；或者一個(gè)句子有多個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，特別第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句特別長(zhǎng)，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的that不可省略；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省去。
He said you needn't worry and that he would help you .他說(shuō)你沒(méi)有必要著急，他會(huì)幫助你的'。（said之后可省去that，但第二個(gè)that不可省去）
We decide, as he has suggested, that we will start out tomorrow.就像他建議的那樣，我們決定明天動(dòng)身。
8、否定轉(zhuǎn)移與省略（1）如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，主語(yǔ)是第一人稱的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句如含有否定意義，一定要把否定詞一道主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。
I don’t think he can do it better than me.我想他不會(huì)比我干得好。
I don’t believe he treated the child like that.我相信他不會(huì)那樣對(duì)待孩子的。
（2）如果think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等前有副詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的do, does, did；或者同其它詞構(gòu)成并列謂語(yǔ)；或者不以現(xiàn)在時(shí)出現(xiàn)；或者用作插入語(yǔ)中。這時(shí)候不用否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
I really expect she didn’t say that to him.我確實(shí)希望她不和他說(shuō)那件事。
I think and hope that he won’t be deceived by the man.我認(rèn)為也希望他不會(huì)被那個(gè)人欺騙。
（3）think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等此類動(dòng)詞后，在簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中，用 so 替代前文肯定的賓語(yǔ)從句；若替代一個(gè)否定的賓語(yǔ)從句，用 not 或 not…so 替代前文整個(gè)從句。
-I believe we've met somewhere before．我認(rèn)為我們從前在哪見(jiàn)過(guò)。
-No，I don't think so．沒(méi)有，我認(rèn)為我們以前沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)。
-Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend？你認(rèn)為這周末會(huì)下雨嗎？
-I believe not．我認(rèn)為不會(huì)。注意：hope 只能說(shuō) I hope not 一種形式，因?yàn)?hope 不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
9、時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)與語(yǔ)序。
在賓語(yǔ)從句中只能用陳述句語(yǔ)序，時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)上要遵循以下三條原則：（1）如果主句謂語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)可根據(jù)意思的需要使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。
Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？你能確定愛(ài)麗絲把金戒指放到什么地方了嗎？
They have no idea at all where he has gone．他們一點(diǎn)也不知道他去了哪。
Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night？你知道他昨晚和誰(shuí)一起說(shuō)話嗎？
（2）如果主句謂語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句要用表示過(guò)去的某一時(shí)態(tài)。
He said he would come to see us the next day.他說(shuō)他明天將來(lái)看我們。
I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing.我想知道他是否去過(guò)北京。
（3）如果賓語(yǔ)從句是表示客觀事實(shí)、真理等，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Dick asked Lucy how old she is．迪克問(wèn)露斯她多大了。
The teacher said the sun rises in the east．老師說(shuō)太陽(yáng)從東方升起。
要點(diǎn)
一、高中賓語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)之時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)
1. 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可根據(jù)情況使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如:
I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)
2. 如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。例如:
He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。
3. 如賓語(yǔ)從句所敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象或科學(xué)真理等,從句不受主句時(shí)態(tài)限制,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
二、高中賓語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)之引導(dǎo)詞的使用
1. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由陳述句變化而來(lái)時(shí),用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句,that常無(wú)具體意義,一般可省略。例如:
Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.
2. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)時(shí),要用if或whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。例如:
David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.
3. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由特殊疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)時(shí),原句中的疑問(wèn)詞充當(dāng)連接代詞(如who, whose, what, which)或連接副詞(如when, where, why, how),引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。例如:
Do you know what we can do on the island?
I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.
三、高中賓語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)之語(yǔ)序的陳述化
賓語(yǔ)從句一般要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。例如:
When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.
Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?
四、高中賓語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)之否定轉(zhuǎn)移
當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think, believe, suppose等動(dòng)詞,且主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí),從句的否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。例如:
I don’t believe he is here on time, is he?
I don’t think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?