從句總結(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

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從句總結(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  從句是英語(yǔ)知識(shí)中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),那一起來(lái)看看從句的知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧,下面是小編為大家收集整理的從句總結(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn),歡迎閱讀。

從句總結(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  從句總結(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn):定語(yǔ)從句

  一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

  1、由who, whom, that,Whose引導(dǎo)的從句

  這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,who作主語(yǔ)指人,whom作賓語(yǔ)指人,that既可作主語(yǔ)又可作賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用來(lái)指人或物,只用作定語(yǔ)。

  (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個(gè)想見你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))

  (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

  (3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你剛剛說(shuō)話的那個(gè)男人是我們的`英語(yǔ)老師

  (4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那個(gè)兒子是醫(yī)生的男人是我們的教授。

  2、由which, that引導(dǎo)的從句

  它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略,例如:

  (1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語(yǔ))

  (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那個(gè)包裹快要散開了。(which / that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

  注意: 代表物時(shí)多用which,但在下列情況中用that而不用which:

  a)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代詞時(shí);

  b)先行詞由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí),這時(shí)的that常被省略;

  c)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);

  d)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí);

  e)整個(gè)句中前面已有which,who,that時(shí);

  f)當(dāng)先行詞為物并作表語(yǔ)時(shí);

  g)先行詞為one時(shí);

  h)先行詞同時(shí)又被the only,the very,the same修飾時(shí);

  二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

  1、when指時(shí)間在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可做連接詞用

  I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

  2、where指地點(diǎn)在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)    Shanghai is the city where I was born.

  3、why指原因在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ) ,用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

  常見考法

  對(duì)于定語(yǔ)從句的考查,多以單選的形式考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用的能力。一般情況下,常從關(guān)系詞的意義和功能的角度考查,重點(diǎn)是that,which,who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

  典型例題:

  You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.

  A. who B. whom C. whom D. who

  解析:先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)? whom作從句中met的賓語(yǔ),可以省略.第二個(gè)從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語(yǔ),不可省略.

  答案:D

  從句總結(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn):賓語(yǔ)從句

  一、.引導(dǎo)詞

  1.從句為陳述句,常選擇引導(dǎo)詞that,that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句無(wú)意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。例句:He told us (that) they would help us through the whole work.

  2.從句為一般疑問(wèn)句,常選擇引導(dǎo)詞if或whether,表示“是否”。在 whether … or not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if 替換。例句:I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

  3. 從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句,常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問(wèn)代詞、副詞作引導(dǎo)詞。 例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.

  二、判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況:

  1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可以為各種時(shí)態(tài)。

  2.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句要用相應(yīng)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

  注意:從句描繪客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象等,從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)限制,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

  例句:He answered that he was listening to me.

  Father told me that practice makes perfect .

  三、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序要用陳述句語(yǔ)序

  陳述句語(yǔ)序,就是主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在后。

  錯(cuò)誤: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.

  正確: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.

  注意:賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

  主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái),其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致.  例如; I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能說(shuō)成I think he won’t come to my party.

  常見考法

  對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)從句的考查,多以單選的形式考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用的能力。一般情況下,常從引導(dǎo)詞的選擇、時(shí)態(tài)的一致性及從句的陳述語(yǔ)序方面考查。

  典型例題:Please tell me ______ last year.

  A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work

  C .where your sister works D where your sister worked

  解析:本題考查對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的掌握。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序,所以排除A和 B;last year 表示過(guò)去時(shí) ,所以排除 C 。

  答案:D

  從句總結(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn):狀語(yǔ)從句

  1時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

  由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as 等從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用一般將來(lái)時(shí),只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 如:I will call you as soon as I arrive there.

  2原因狀語(yǔ)從句

  because, since, as和for都表示原因。常常令我們不知該用哪個(gè)好。我們來(lái)比較一下。because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng),回答why提出的問(wèn)題,用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因。當(dāng)能夠很明顯的看出原因或人們已知原因,就用as或since。如:I don't like that coat,because the color looks terrible. 由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗號(hào),則可以用for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for。如:He is not here, because / for his mother is ill.

  3目的狀語(yǔ)從句

  表示目的狀語(yǔ)的從句可以由in order that, so that,等詞引導(dǎo)。如:You must raise your voice so that/in order that everybody can hear you clearly.

  4結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

  結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由so...that 或 such...that引導(dǎo),要掌握和區(qū)分這兩個(gè)句型,首先要了解so和such后面分別跟什么詞。such是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞詞組,so是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用,形成固定搭配。如:The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.

  5讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

  是由though, although 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。though, although 和 but不能同時(shí)使用。

  Although it rained, they had a good time.

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