I. 重點詞語
translate v. 翻譯
blame vt. 責備,責怪
luggage n. 行李
review vt. 檢查,復審,批評
have comments from… 聽取……的意見
give a description of… 對……進行描述
bring in 帶進; 引來; 引進
the disadvantage with ……的不足之處
hand in hand (with) 與……攜起手; 手挽手
in charge of 負責
think up 想出; 設計出; 發明; 編造
try out 試驗; 試銷; 試用
For one thing,… for another (thing)… 一方面……, 另一方面……
II. 課文講解
一. 難句分析
1. Then they can express their satisfaction with the product.那么,他們可以發表他們對產品表示滿意的意見。
"express one's satisfaction with…""對……表示滿意",如:
The teacher expressed his satisfaction with the result for the experiment.老師對實驗結果表示滿意。
The organizers expressed their satisfaction with the preparations for the conference.大會的組織者對大會的各項準備工作表示滿意。
2. For one thing, it's boring, and people aren't going to read an ad.that looks boring.一則它很單調,人們不會去讀一個看上去單調的廣告。
"for one thing"首先,一則;舉個理由。
For one thing, she dances; for another, she is fond of singing.一則她能跳舞,二則她喜歡唱歌。
3. So what exactly are you suggesting?那么,你想提點什么具體建議呢?
句中的so是連詞,用以同下文的句子相連,有"因此""那么"的意思。
A:We'll get to the station at about 3:00.我們大概三點左右可以到達火車站。
B:So we'll catch the 3;30 train.那么,我們可以趕上三點半的火車。
句中用了現在進行時(…are you suggesting?)表示"即將發生的動作或準備做的事情"。
全句大體相當于:So what exactly are you going to suggest?又如:
Who is designing the advertisement?這幅廣告誰來設計呢?
When are you having a holiday?你們什么時候放假?
How long are you staying in London?你們打算在倫敦住多久呢?
4. 在Practice中的第1句: What kind of advertisement do you read or watch on TV, if any?如果你看廣告的話,你看哪類廣告呢?
句中的"…if any?"是"…if you read or watch any"的省略。在復合句中,如果從句中的某個或某些成分同主句的相同的話,常可以省略,以避免重復。如:
We'll certainly help you if we can(help you).要是可能的話,我們肯定會幫助你。
They will get everything ready tomorrow if not earlier.(=… if they can't get it ready earlier.)
他們明天會把一切準備好,如果不能更早一些的話。
5. Advertising is a highly developed twentieth-century industry.廣告業是二十世紀的一項高度發達的工業。
"highly developed industry" 高度發達的工業; "highly"副詞,修飾developed。
a widely used language一門廣泛應用的語言
highly praised deeds被高度贊揚的事跡
6. The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has gone hand in hand with the development of advertising.
廣告業的發展是和無線電,電視,電影,雜志,報紙的發展緊密相連的。
"hand in hand(with)"手牽手地;緊密合作;密切相連;和……一邊
They walked hand in hand in the park.
他們手牽手地在花園散步。
Hand in hand with reading, he has developed the habit of making notes.
他養成了一邊讀書一邊作筆記的習慣。
Doctors and nurses work hand in hand to save lives.
為了挽救生命,醫生和護士總是緊密配合。
再如:arm in arm手挽手
shoulder to shoulder肩并肩
二.固定用法與辨析
1. 辨析boring與dull, tiresome:
三詞都為"令人厭煩的",但有區別:
boring概念最廣,尤指引起人厭倦、枯燥的談話文章,也指令人生厭的人。如:
The talk was very long and boring. 這篇談話冗長,毫無趣味。
dull 與boring極為相近,也指因呆板或缺乏趣味性而令人感到厭倦。如:
a dull book 一本枯燥的書。
tiresome主指單調沉悶而產生疲倦厭煩。如:
It's a tiresome thing to be funny for a whole evening.
整晚上都逗笑取樂是很疲勞的。
2. 辨析gift 與present:
兩詞都為"禮物",但有細微的差別。gift既指免費捐贈給團體或機構的物品,也指親友間互贈禮品。如:a gift to the museum 一件捐給博物館的贈品。present指親友間互贈,如:Here is a little present for you. 這兒有你一份小小的禮物。
3. 辨析fragile與weak:
兩詞都表示"虛弱的",但有區別。weak指身體弱或性格、意志軟弱,如:He is too weak to talk. 他太虛弱了而不能說話。fragile 指易碎的東西,也常指身體不好。如:The glass is fragile. 玻璃易碎。
三.語法精講
過去分詞是動詞的一種形式,在謂語中可幫助構成完成形式和被動形式,在非謂語中可作定語、表語、賓補和狀語。它與v-ing形式在句子中擔任的成分大體相同,主要是過去分詞有被動的意思,而v-ing形式一般有主動的意思。它們在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。下面按句子不同成分舉例說明。
1. 定語( Attributive )
Throw away this broken cup. 把破杯子扔出去。
They are problems left over by history. 這些是歷史遺留下的問題。
注意:過去分詞作定語時,動作一般在謂語所表示的動作之前發生。如上面三句,或是沒有一定的時間性,如果指的動作此刻正在發生,可用v- ing的被動形式( i ) 如果指未來的動作,可以用不定式的被動形式 ( ii ) 作定語。
i. We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我們這兒討論的事必須保密。
ii. You are cordially invited to a party to be given at our institute at 7:30 p.m. next Saturday. 我院于下周六晚七時半舉行晚會,敬請光臨。
2. 表語( Predicative)
過去分詞作表語多表示主語所處的狀態或主語的特點,從形式上和被動結構差不多,但被動結構表示動作。如:
The library is now closed. 圖書館關門了。
比較:It is usually closed at 6. 它通常六點關門。(被動結構)
The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。
比較:The glass was broken by my sister. 玻璃杯是妹妹打破的。(被動結構)
She looked disappointed. 他顯得很失望。
Don't get excited, Comrades! 別激動,同志們!
以上兩句和v-ing形式作表語不同,如:
The situation is disappointing. 形勢令人失望。
The story is exciting. 故事感人。
v-ing形式作表語多表示主語自身具有的特征。
3. 賓補( Object Complement)
過去分詞作賓補和賓語構成復合賓語。它和賓語是被動的關系,可以在see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, get, have, feel, make 等動詞后使用,如:
She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.
她高興地看到孩子們在托兒所受到很好的照顧。